Prison Treatments Laws in New York State Essay Essays

Prison Treatments Laws in New York State Essay Essays Prison Treatments Laws in New York State Essay Essay Prison Treatments Laws in New York State Essay Essay Michael E. Deutsch. Dennis Cunningham and Elizabeth M. Fink †Twenty Years Later - Attica Civil Rights Case Finally Cleared for Trial† Social Justice. Vol. 18. No. 3 ( 45 ) . Attica: 1971- 1991 A Commemorative Issue ( Fall 1991 ) . pp. 13-25 This is a journal uses the commissioner. the manager of the correctional. Russel Osward as a halfway function to remember the Attica Riot. reprobating his failure of direction of the prison government and the inhumane assault he had set to stop up the rebellion. The authorities had covered the facts of violent assault of the public violence for old ages. but it had been dug out by the protest of the public violence subsisters 20 old ages after the public violence. and they eventually won the dialogues and gained their civil rights. Citations can be cited for discoursing how the dialogue had gone through. It besides provides me some background information of the public violence. It besides gives a sense of what sort of civil rights had been violated and what had been brought back. I can utilize these rights as mention to seek alterations of the State Torahs. Vicky Munro-Bjorklund â€Å"Popular Cultural Images of Criminals and Prisoners since Attica† Social Justice. Vol. 18. No. 3 ( 45 ) . Attica: 1971- 1991 A Commemorative Issue ( Fall 1991 ) . pp. 48-70 This diary focuses on the popular civilization images that been shaped after the Attica Riot. It argues that the misinterpretation of the captive had been changed since the rebellion. and media is besides a force that pushes the prisons into reform. Because of stereotype. or the popular cultural images of the captives. no 1 had paid that much attending to the captives before the increasing exposure of the existent â€Å"prisoners’ life† after the Attica Riot. The description of the popular cultural images of the captives in Attica is truly a good resource to utilize. This resource is chiefly a statement of the prisoners’ image. I do non necessitate to depict the alteration of the images because I am concentrating on the jurisprudence alterations. so nil will b e quoted. but it makes me believe in a new manner: The fondness of exposure from the populace or societal media. George Edwards. â€Å"Foreword: Penitentiaries Produce No Penitents† forward-penitentiaries produce no penitents. 63 J. Crim. L. Criminology A ; Police Scl. 159 ( 1972 ) : 154-161 This diary focused on how the societal media have done to assist the coloured people inside the US penal system by utilizing the illustration of the media fondness of the Attica Riot. It focuses on and the cultural images that shape the stereotype of the black people so that they are isolated from â€Å"us† . The prisoners’ lives in the prisons have become more crystalline through the societal media after the Attica Riot when the societal media have paid attending to them and cover more about them. Social media is reprobating the barbarous intervention to the captives and the unfairness of the sentence through different ways. This paper is searched after the old 1. it is a good resource for seeing how the societal media had pushed the State to alter their correctional method and give b ack prisoners’ civil rights. Willi The Naturalization Act of 1790 am L. Wilbanks The study of the committee on Attica. 37 Fed. Probation 3 ( 1973 ) : 3-5 This is a premier summery of the national committee study of the Attica Riot published on September 13. 1972. It briefly summarized and explained what is the Attica Riot. recorded the cause of it. reported the dialogue of it. and analyzed the assault and the wake of it. The chief high spot of the public violence from the study is that it happened at a clip when the prison was about to reform for better. and the violent assault was because the prison inmate was inquiring for general forgiveness. but the authorities refused so. yet the consequence was still inhumane. This study is brief and comprehensive ; it is supplying background information for the populace to acquire the general thought of the public violence. Part of it can be quoted for a prof of inhumane intervention after the rebellion. Gerald Benjamin and Stephen P. Rappaport. Attica and Prison Reform. Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science. Vol. 31. No. 3. Regulating New York State: The Rockefeller Years ( May. 1974 ) . pp. 200-213 This diary focuses on describing the inside informations of the dialogue and the assault of the Attica Riot. Informing us assault is because of the failure of the dialogue. This diary besides mentioned that the public violence happened when the reform was merely about to be taken into pattern. After the public violence. the reform began. including the installations alteration and the intervention alterations. Changes are based on the fund from federal and the State. though something still needs to be alteration. it was already a large measure. It is besides demoing some important alterations such as the alteration in the employment of the installations from all Whites to Latinos. the sawed-off clip of locking. Though this diary is truly detail. I need to cite the alterations of Torahs instead than merely physical alterations in this piece. Angela Y. Davis: Are Prisons Obsolete? Seven Stories Press New York. 2003: 10-19. 84-104 Chapter 1 introduces us with an thought of prison reform. which additions the bulk supports of the populace and it is besides the ground for the Attica Riot. It besides reveals the thought that non many people outside the prison are willing to believe about the life inside the prison. which is traveling to be a support of why I said that there is non that much attending had been paid for prison intervention. Chapter 5 Tells us how a mass of private companies and industries are deriving a batch of net income from the captives so that captives are non deriving what they are supposed to be gained. Both chapters are back uping the thought of why prisons should be paid attending and be reformed. Thought the industrial composite of the prison is written late instead than the immediate fact. I would utilize them as mention of things that haven’t been improved after the public violence. Bruce Burgett and Glenn Hendler. Keywords for American Cultural Studies. New York University Press. 2007: 37-42 This piece gives readers a brief history from the ancient Grecian to now of how Citizenship has come to its position in the United State. The civil rights have been violated by the sovereignty. but eventually came to equality through the push of establishments. faiths. every bit good as civil motions. This piece besides introduces us that how the engineering and transits are of import to a new apprehension of citizenship. This piece is of import for analysing the prison rights because I am composing through the chance that prison inmates are besides citizens. that they should hold the same rights as those normal citizens. but prisoners’ rights are somehow ever been valid or even ignored by the U. S. penal system. This article helps to specify the citizen in my paper. Jael Silliman and Anannya Bhattacharjee. Patroling the National Body Sex. Race. and Criminalization. South End Press Cambridge. Massachusetts. 2002: 1-48 Chapter one gives us a general thought on how the US penal setup has been enforced by the engagement of multiple â€Å"relevant† establishments. It is demoing audiences how those institutional officers themselves are piquing the Torahs but still move as a jurisprudence executive. and how they use the name of in-migration jurisprudence to go against the rights. particularly the rights of the adult females with colourss. they offence their organic structures. and utilize them to imprison colored work forces. This helps to analysis the female prison interventions in recent clip. Though it is a good illustration to demo the misdemeanor of the civil rights but it might be a small different from the subject that I am composing about because it is chiefly focused on the recent clip and the in-migration Torahs. Dylan Rodriguez. Forced Passages. Imprisoned Extremist Intellectuals and the U. S. Prison Regime. University of Minnesota Press. Minneapolis. London. 2006 This chapter focuses on the formation of the cardinal word: The War. Though the war is purportedly be the struggle between provinces. the author tells readers that the U. S. authorities is utilizing the war zone as a manner to command the citizens. It talks about how the power is contributed through the usage of the prison government. I would wish to cite the history of the prison government to inform that the prison today has a bondage background and that is what makes the rights of captives been blurred so moderately. U. S. Naturalization Act of 1790. The Transcript of 13th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution: Abolition of Slavery ( 1865 ) The naturalisation act is the cardinal act to the U. S. citizens. It indicated that free white of good moral character that had lived in the U. S. for two old ages and swore commitment. It can be used as a historical accordant to the descriptions of the history of the prison government. The 13th amendment establishes birthright of citizenship due procedure and equal protection. officially extends citizenship to freshly liberate. black work forces. Both of these Torahs can be use as path of the citizenship as proves of the inequality of the civil Torahs roots. Abstraction Citizenship refers to the nexus between province and individual who lives in. Citizens by wide should be within the nexus and should be person who lives in the sate. Prisoners as a particular type of citizen are supposed to hold the same civil rights and be protected by the same Torahs. yet their fortunes set them into a state of affairs where their rights are violated invariably with or without justness. Prison interventions in the US. can been seen as a important illustration of the misdemeanor of the prisoners’ civil rights. It has neer been paid attendings until the four-day rebellion in the Attica Correctional Facility burst out in 1971. Attica Riot was the most violent public violence in the full U. S. history. Through out the rebellion. many inhumane interventions of the captives have been revealed through the exposure of the societal media. As a wonder on the affects of prison rebellions on the New York State authorities. this paper is traveling to detect some important alterations that had been made by the New York State instantly after the public violence through the wake dialogue of the Attica public violence to bespeak that the captive rights are still non hold been treated justly.

Artistotle Essays - Social Philosophy, Ancient Greek Philosophers

Artistotle Essays - Social Philosophy, Ancient Greek Philosophers Artistotle Janet Jones Code of Ethics Research Paper Class number 409 Frank Sams Aristotle was a great thinker who used his reasoning ability and knowledge through others to draw ethical assumptions and principles. Aristotle was once in favor of the teachings of Plato until he began to question his philosophy. These ideas lead Aristotle to years of writing and teaching his work. Aristotle was a professor for twenty years at an academy called Lyceum. Lyceum is where Aristotle began to pursue a broader range of subjects. He believed that a man could not claim to know a subject unless he is capable of transmitting his knowledge with others. Simply, teaching for Aristotle was as a manifestation of knowledge. By the end of the 19th century scholars at the academy questioned his works. This genus was alive during a period of havoc and corruption but he did not allow the ethics of man to stop his hunger for knowledge. I will attempt to explain in detail some of the ethics that Aristotle established. Evidence has proved that Aristotle influenced all areas of logic from art, ethics, and metaphysics just to name a few. Art is defined by Aristotle as the realization in external form of a true idea, and is the pleasure, which we feel in recognizing likenesses. Art however is not limited to mere copying. It idealizes nature and completes its deficiencies: it seeks to grasp the universal type in the individual phenomenon. The distinction between poetic art and history is not that the one uses meter, and the other does not. The distinction is that while history is limited to what has actually happened, poetry depicts things in their universal character. Therefore, poetry is more theoretical and more elevated than history. Such imitation may represent people either as better or as worse than people usually are, or it may neither go beyond nor fall below the average standard. Comedy is the imitation of the worse examples of humanity. However, not in the sense of absolute badness, but only in so far as what is low and ignoble enters into what is laughable and comic. Tragedy, on the other hand, is the representation of a serious or meaningful, reaching action. Portraying events, which excite fear and pity in the mind of the observer to purify these feelings to extend and regulate their sympathy until it fits. It is thus a homeopathic curing of the passions. Insofar as art, in general universalizes particular events, tragedy, in depicting passionate and critical situations, takes the observer outside the selfish and individual standpoint, and views them in connection with the general lot of human beings. This is similar to Aristotle's explanation of the use of orgiastic music in the worship of Bacchas and other deities: it affords an outlet for religious fervor and thus steadies one's religious sentiments. Religion can define an individuals moral principle. Aristotle viewed ethics as an attempt to find out our chief end or highest good: an end, which he maintains, is really final. Through of life are many ends that furthers, our aspirations and desires must have some final object or pursuit. A chief end is universally called happiness. But people mean such different things by the expression that I feel necessary to discuss happiness. For starters, happiness must be based on human nature, and must begin from the facts of personal experience. Thus, happiness cannot be found in any abstract or ideal notion, like Plato's self-existing good. It must be something practical and human. It must then be found in the work and life that is unique to humans. Nevertheless, this is neither the vegetative life we share with plants nor the sensitive existence that we share with animals. True happiness lies in the active life of a rational being or in a perfect realization and outworking of the true soul and self, continued throughout a lifetime. Aristotle expands his notion of happiness through an analysis of the human soul that structures and animates a living human organism. The human soul has an irrational element, which is shared with the animals, and a rational element that is distinctly human. The most primitive irrational element is the vegetative faculty, which is responsible for nutrition and

Invasive Exotic Species Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Invasive Exotic Species - Essay Example The scientific study of insects has its beginning as early as the sixteenth century. Entomologists classify insects based on their taxonomy into various groups known as apiology, coleopterology, dipterology, heteropterology, lepidoptrelogy, myrmecology, orthopetrology, trichoptrology (Triplehorn, 2005) Each entomologist spends his life in the study of any one of these groups. Insect identification is very difficult as the attributes distinguishing them are often invisible or unclear. The Exotic Species (Invasive species) Exotic species are defined as those organisms that are not specific or intrinsic to a particular area. (Naylor, 2001) Their origin is a different place than their place of living. Scientific study and results prove that some introduced species are a threat to the ecosystem in which they get transferred. More scientifically, Introduced species are â€Å"species that have become able to survive and reproduce outside the habitats they evolved or spread naturally† (Naylor, 2001). Species are introduced in a habitat usually while they are transported from one region to another. These introductions can be accidental or intentional. Intentional inductions by humans is done thinking that a certain group of species is some how beneficial to human beings. Invasive species are one sub group of introduced species that have an ill effect on their foreign ecosystem. They behave as pests (G. K. Meffe. 1998). These immigrants breed expand and develop at an exponential pace causing great damag e to the eco relations. Its effect is simply defined in three terms namely arrive, survive and thrive. There are many clauses for a species to become invasive. It has to find a suitable vector to transfer it from its habitat to another one. The climatic conditions of the new habitat must match closely with its previous habitat. It should be capable to survive in that habitat and also outperform the existing native species and has to start spreading throughout like a plague. (Townsend CR. 1991) Basically invasive species have a negative impact on the new ecosystem. Some of the characteristics for an invasive species are the mode of reproduction, Asexual as well as sexual reproduction, the ability to withstand a wide range of climatic conditions and the reproductive output. (Townsend CR. 1991) One of these species that is responsible for defoliation of trees is the Gypsy Moth. The Gypsy Moth The scientific name of gypsy moth is Lymantria dispar. It is commonly called as gypsy moth to symbolize its mobility, that is, the pace at which it covers an area and also European moth. It is of the order Lepidoptera, class insecta and phylum Arthropod. This moth has its origin basically from Europe, Asia and North Africa. (ent.msu.edu, 1997) The Gypsy Moth This moth has been introduced in the North America and East Coast in the year 1869. It was an intentional introduction of this moth. A French scientist named Lepold Trovelot who lived in Massachusetts has introduced this moth. He was experimenting different moths and silk worms for having better quality silk production (Forbush, 1896). He with the intension of breeding silk worms with other moths introduced the gypsy moth in North America. His experiment failed. Some of the moths brought by him

Annual Reports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Annual Reports - Essay Example Such difference may arise from content organization of the major elements of an annual report or may be due to order of arrangement of the report’s sections. In content organization, and with major focus on presentation of financial items, the financial statements may be presented in either account form or in a report form. The major difference between the two forms is in their orientation. While the report format is horizontally presented, the account format is vertically presented. The financial statements can also be communicated in exact figures or round off figures. Similarly, a report can document each item of the financial statements or group items and present their cumulative values (Nikolai, Bazley and Jones, 2009). Reports may also vary in the order of presentation of the major elements such as financial statements, â€Å"management discussion and analysis,† â€Å"report on adequacy and internal control,† among other sections (Warren and Reeve, 2006, p. 681). A review of annual reports of McDonalds and Yum Brands communicates a number of differences in the organizations’ approach to communicating their annual reports. The first major difference is in the order of presentation of the reports sections. McDonalds’ annual report begins with management’s discussion and analysis of the corporation’s performance, both financial and operational. Presentation of financial statements that is facilitated by explanatory notes follows this before reports on the organization’s internal control system and reporting (McDonalds, 2011). Yum’s report however begins by presenting the annual meeting before accounting for the organization’s activities in which it presents financial statements. The reports’ outlines therefore communicate McDonalds focus on reporting its financial performance while Yum prioritizes information regarding its planned decisions on management and human resource. Both

The Satan of Paradise Lost Essay Example for Free

The Satan of Paradise Lost Essay The Satan of Milton’s Paradise Lost is often regarded in literary criticism as a remarkably complex character. Introduced to the readers as a fallen angel with a grudge against the almighty powers that be in heaven and a burning passion for vengeance, Satan receives more characterization and motivation than any other character in Milton’s epic  ­ including God Himself, who mostly operates in the background of the story. Because of the time spent familiarizing readers with Satan and his pathos and the ambiguity of God’s overall plan in comparison, Satan ultimately ends up feeling much more human to readers than the God he rails against. Some even claim he’s the story’s â€Å"true† hero. However, a brilliant literary tactic lies in Satan’s characterization, and that’s how quick it is to mistake Satan’s comparatively human nature to God as a sort of moral superiority. An analysis of Satan’s core ideology throughout Paradise Lost makes it clear that, while Satan may be more of a human character than God, he’s not the tragic anti ­hero he paints himself as by any stretch of the imagination. It’s easy to just dismiss the depiction of Satan as the tragic protagonist of Paradise Lost with the idea that he  ­ being Satan  ­ is simply lying about every part of his motives, ideology, and system of beliefs. However, such a reading too quickly overlooks the nuances to the character revealed throughout the text. One does not need any

Effects of Toilet Training to Personality Development Essay example --

Effects of Toilet Training to Personality Development Introduction â€Å"The child was the father to the man† - Sigmund Freud The basic premise of Dr. Sigmund Freud’s theory on personality development lies on the above statement. The determinants of one’s behavior and characteristics during adulthood may be derived from one’s childhood –how one was brought up taking into consideration the influence and interaction of values, culture, language, rules, roles, models and morals to the development of one’s personality. As such, much of the burden of honing a child’s character lies on the parents and the latter’s own upbringing may greatly influence how a child will behave upon reaching adulthood. With this premise in mind, Freud advanced a theory that centered on the effects of sexual satisfaction to the human psyche. To Freud, man is a pleasure-seeking animal who constantly strives to avoid painful experience in order to maintain a pleasant life. He postulated that the foundation of personality is formed between the ages 1-5 wherein an individual goes through a series of developmental stages which were also called psychosexual stages. Man’s search for pleasure commences during these stages, wherein the most basic desire or sexual urge is manifested in a child’s growth and developmental needs. In explaining the four psychosexual stages that he has identified, he introduced the idea of erogenous zones. Erogenous zones Also called erotogenic zones, erogenous zones are areas in a man’s body where the inner and outer skins meet and when manipulated, are capable of arousing pleasant and sensu... ...duce specific character traits associated with the acts of retention and expulsion. Cited Works Bischof, Leonard J. Interpreting Personality Theories. New York, N.Y.: Harper and Row, 2nd Ed.,1964. Fox, Ronald E., Gregory, Ian and Rosen, Ephraim. Abnormal Psychology. London: W.B. Saunders Company, 2nd Ed., 1972. â€Å"Psychodynamic Theories.â€Å" noteaccess.com. 19 June 2005. Bibliography â€Å"Freud's Psychosexual Stages of Development.† about.com 19 June 2005. Hall, Calvin S. and Lindzey, Gardner. Theories of Personality. N.Y.: John Wiley & Sons, 3rd Ed., 1978. Stevenson, David B. â€Å"Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development†. Victorian Web. 19 June 2005.

Chapter 11 Problems

I. Payback period computation; even cash flows Compute the payback period for each of the following two separate investments (round the payback period to two decimals): 1. A new operating system for an existing machine is expected to cost $260,000 and have a useful life of five years. The system yields an incremental after-tax income of $75,000 each year after deducting its straight-line depreciation. The predicted salvage value of the system is $10,000. Payback period=Cost of investment/ Annual net cash flow =$260,000/ $125,000 =2. 08 years Annual depreciation= $260,000 -$10,000 / 5 = $50,000 Annual after tax income $75,000 Depreciation 50,000 Annual net cash flow$125,000 2. A machine costs $190,000, has a $10,000 salvage value, is expected to last nine years, and will generate an after-tax income of $30,000 per year after straight-line depreciation. Payback period=Cost of investment/ Annual net cash flow =$190,000/ $50,000 =3. 8 years Annual depreciation= $190,000 -$10,000 / 9 = $2 0,000 Annual after tax income $30,000 + Depreciation 20,000 Annual net cash flow$50,000 II. Payback period computation; uneven cash flows Wenro Company is considering the purchase of an asset for $90,000. It is expected to produce the following net cash flows.The cash flows occur evenly throughout each year. Compute the payback period for this investment. Part of year= Amount paid back in year 4/ Net cash flows in year 4 = $10,000 / $60,000 = 0. 167 Payback period=3 + 0. 167 = 3. 1367 years = 3yrs 2 mos. III. Accounting Rate of Return A machine costs $500,000 and is expected to yield an after-tax net income of $15,000 each year. Management predicts this machine has a 10-year service life and a $100,000 salvage value, and it uses straight-line depreciation. Compute this machine’s accounting rate of return. Average investment=$500,000 + $100,000 / 2 $300,000 Accounting rate of return=$15,000 / $300,000 = 5% IV. Computing Net Present Value K2B Company is considering the purchase of equipment that would allow the company to add a new product to its line. The equipment is expected to cost $240,000 with a 12-year life and no salvage value. It will be depreciated on a straight-line basis. The company expects to sell 96,000 units of the equipment’s product each year. The expected annual income related to this equipment follows. K2B concludes that the investment must earn at least an 8% return. Compute the net present value of this investment. Round the net present value to the nearest dollar. ) Net cash flows from net income 1. Payback period=$240,000 / $44,500 = 5. 39 years 2. Accounting rate of return=$24,500 / $120,000 = 20. 42% V. Net Present Value Interstate Manufacturing is considering either replacing one of its old machines with a new machine or having the old machine overhauled. Information about the two alternatives follows. Management requires a 10% rate of return on its investments. Alternative 1: Keep the old machine and have it overhauled. If the old machine is overhauled, it will be kept for another five years and then sold for its salvage value. 1.Determine the net present value of alternative 1. Keep the old machine and have it overhauled Alternative 2: Sell the old machine and buy a new one. The new machine is more efficient and will yield substantial operating cost savings with more products being produced and sold. 2. Determine the net present value of alternative 2. Sell the old machine and buy a new one 3. Which alternative do you recommend that management select? Explain. Interstate should keep the old machine and overhaul it. The cost savings and additional revenue generated on the new machine are not enough to overcome the high initial cost of the new machine.