Basketball Needs To Be Fixed Essay Research

B-ball Needs To Be Fixed Essay, Research PaperBasketball Needs to Be FixedProfessional and school bands have gotten extremely mainstream operating at a profit Marias and heads of numerous Americans. A huge number of dollars a twelvemonth are spent on dress, tickets, and broadcasting all created by individuals # 8217 ; s love for circles. Be that as it may, in the last pair of mature ages, both the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) and school circles have lost a noteworthy whole of their opposition and hold got much criticizim for it. At the chest of this activity is an individual reason, ravenousness. The round of loops has gotten about cash on the other hand of the game and its fans. This activity should be tended to, and the best topographic point to get down is with the school members, or all the more explicitly, the NBA bill of trade. The guidelines and rules that relate to the bill of trade are incredibly at botch for the down slide of both school and NBA loops and they sh ould be changed before the game down slides into nil.The modifications that should be made are basic, lowerclassmans ought to non be qualified for the NBA bill of trade ; or as such, in the event that you have mature ages of qualification left, you ought to non be qualified to be drafted by a NBA crew. What occupations would this work out? The replyis most occupations in ball today.First, school bands has paid enormously by losing its most talented members to the NBA each piece numerous as three mature ages early. This has come about in non simply a general diminishing of the game, however in specific fortunes caused the destruction of one time incredible bands plans. This is the manner by which it occurs, universities enroll members dependent on what their requests are or what they will require right away in the great beyond. So let us express that one school has an extraordinary core of sophomore and junior members for a moving toward season. The supervisors do non hold the intere st or the space for some new first rate members. So the entirety of the top enlisted people find different schools to head out to. At that point, permit us express that the incredible core of members foliages for the NBA, go forthing the crew with average members and a frightful season to look frontward to. By the accompanying enrolling period comes to fruition, the school # 8217 ; s notoriety has been harmed, thus has their chances of set bringing down the top enlisted people. This proceeds until the school # 8217 ; s one time pleased bands custom is a thing of the days gone by. This situation is non simply assumed, schools like UNLV, Georgetown, Seton Hall, and Houston have all experienced this technique and now end up at the underside of the barrel.It is non just the colleges that early section to the NBA wounds, the meeting all in all takes a tremendous blow. School circles showcases their crews after their best members, when those members choose to travel genius early, the expo sure of school bands is harmed ; alongside the general blessing level of the gathering is brought down definitely. Games becomeless intriguing on the grounds that the members are non as capable. This in twist harms the broadcasting networks since individuals do non like watching games in which they do non cognize who the members are. Thus, that in twist harms the meeting and the schools again in light of the fact that the networks will non pay each piece a lot to broadcast the games as they one time did.The schools and the gathering are non the solitary 1s hurt, by go forthing school early trusting to do the huge vaulting ponies the members hurt themselves. Known to mankind that we live in today, on the off chance that you do non hold a school grade, odds are constrained. Take a gander at the insights, 60 members are drafted every twelvemonth, and there are just 360 program musca volitanss in the full NBA. The open doors that every member drafted will do the crew is about an inconce ivability. A few people return to class and try to finish their evaluations, yet most do non on the grounds that one time you surrender your qualification, you c annot obtain it back, with offices a large portion of them can non stand to head out back to class. This leaves a group of individuals jobless and with no evaluation. By keeping up the school members in school, most will achieve their evaluation by the clasp that they are prepared for the NBA. The donee of the lowerclassmans being permit to go forward early would be the NBA right? It appears that way, however that is non really the occasion. The activity with illustrating lowerclassmans is that they are non completely developed at this point, they have non yet gotten the entirety of the achievements that they would require to do the quick effect that their crews anticipate that them should do. These achievements incorporate driving, obligation, and adulthood ; these are the thingthat school should learn them, yet by go forthing early they are non given everything that they should be a success.Many of the new members in the gathering create mentalities of conceit or certitude due to their bill of trade spot or as a result of the 1000000s of dollars that they are being paid. Suspensions and mulcts for unfortunate behavior are at a record-breaking high in the NBA now and the greatest ground for it is the youthful members who have non been shown the respect and conduct that th ey need. This gives the NBA an awful name and is get bringing down to agitate a cluster of the veteran members who have made the NBA what it is today.Another thing that the bill of trade does is that it makes structure or remaking a crew a whole gaming game. Beting 1000000s of dollars on a member in their initial mid-twentiess that crews have no idea on the off chance that they will be any acceptable, numerous crews are much of the time inaccurate and are left with a multimillion dollar contributing that went rank. This makes crews take mature ages to build up their youthful members, and in the meantime their record and fan joining in and support go down the tubing. This other than harms the Television networks on the grounds that no 1 needs to see below average proficient crews play, thus that turns about and harms the crews and the gathering on the grounds that the networks pay less for broadcasting rights.Money, is obviously the ground why lowerclassmans leave for the NBA early. In the event that you were 22 mature ages old, and individual would pay you 90 million dollars to play a game that you love, OK drop out of school? The activity with this is therising costs of members compensation. At the point when members are drafted juvenile, they request to be paid what they need ; crews pay them 1000000s right out of school. This makes the prepared members rapacious, and they request more cash. At that point when the accompanying twelvemonth comes to fruition, the structure rehashes itself, and it # 8217 ; s another descending winding. That is the manner by which members # 8217 ; compensation have rose to crazy limits. No 1 saw the activity while it was go oning, however since it is a vocation there is no existent way to fix it. In 1996, an offspring compensation top was placed into outcome by the NBA to set a bound on get bringing down wages, so a few stages are being taken. This is a beginning, yet it is non the answer to the activity. In the event that lower classmans were non permitted to come out right on time, high fledgling wages would non hold to be each piece high, and the members would almost certainly be more tolerating of less cash than most whelps are obtaining now, and this would help work out the inside and out cash work in the NBA.Both the NBA and school loops appear to be stuck. Also, as expressed previously, they ground is the underclassmen go forthing school right on time to do cash in the NBA. So what # 8217 ; s the arrangement? Simple, do non permit the school members enter the NBA bill of trade early. It would benefit everybody in the great beyond. Of class there would be a transitional period, however the losingss would be short and the impacts of the change would be obvious actually quickly. Leave the game alone played the way it was intended to be played, for the opposition and non for the cash.

The Sepoy Mutiny Of 1857 Essays - British East India Company

The Sepoy Mutiny Of 1857 Essays - British East India Company The Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 Similarly as with any contention or discussion there are consistently different sides to the discussion, and the occasions in India during 1857 are positively no special case. Given the circumstance in India during the nineteenth century it is not really amazing that such a polarization of assessment exists concerning setting of the defiant occasions during that year. The English being in charge of the subcontinent and their feeling of predominance over their Indian subjects, would normally try to make light of any demonstrations of resistance. While the Indian subjects on the other hand would apparently wish to misrepresent and over stress the significance of these occasions, as a methods for advancing the patriot cause for self assurance. Reality of the occasions themselves, does it lie towards the British record or the Indian ace nationalistic side, or could there be a sure measure of truth in the two sides of the banter. Metcalf in his record refers to three undeniable factors behind the episode of disobedience in 1857. Basically he sees 'collecting complaints of the Sepoy Army of Bengal' as the most significant factor. The purposes for this 'crumbling of resolve' among the military lay with a few reasons. A significant part of the Sepoy armed force was contained 'Brahmins and other high rank Hindus' who helped with advancing a 'focal point of dissidence'. The 'by and large poor ezdard of British officials', in addition to the absence of progress to the general situation of those men serving in the military additionally expanded the degree of strain. At this point it ought to be recollected that the 'Bengal Army varied from those of Bengal and Madras', as the Bombay and Madras armed forces took no part in the defiance of 1857. However, the more articulated military factor was the absence of British soldiers in the 'Gangetic plain' implied that numerous regions were 'for all intents and purposes exposed of British soldiers'. These military complaints which albeit noteworthy were most certainly not themselves enough to actuate resistance, as it took an apparent assault on the Sepoy strict organizations to trigger of the resistance. The first of these apparent dangers was that the British government was planning to disassemble the standing framework and 'convert them persuasively to Christianity'. Despite the fact that not founded on truth the activities of some 'devout English officials did nothing to dissipate' the bits of gossip in actuality. Added to this British laziness was the Brahmins who would in general be 'exceptionally careful for potential dangers to their religion and station'. Also, the presentation in 1857 of the 'new Enfield rifle' with its particular ammo, which required the projectile to be 'chomped prior to stacking'. Bits of gossip that the oil utilized on the projectiles was either from the fat of steers or pigs, which either demonstrated 'holy to Hindus' or 'contamination to Muslims', was deciphered as assaulting at the center of the Hindu and Muslim strict convictions. These bits of gossip dissimilar to those with respect to the transformation to Christianity and disassembling of the standing framework, proved to have a truthful premise, as the British government 'pulled back the shocking oil'. This remiss activity demonstrated worthless as the harm had just been finished. Anyway this lone records for the military parts of the uprising which show the form of occasions 'acknowledged in official circles [as] essentially armed force revolts'. This rendition favored by the English neglects to recognize the degree of 'boundless turmoil among the regular citizen populace', who saw a great part of the British government's activities as adding up to obstruction and disdain for the 'since quite a while ago settled rules and customs'. Disraeli considered the to be of the uprising as not being the 'direct of men who were ... the examples of general discontent' among the Bengal armed force. For Disraeli the main driver was the generally speaking organization by the administration, which he viewed as having 'distanced or frightened pretty much every powerful class in the nation'. However other British saw the general social circumstance and government organization as having no impact in causing the uprising. For authorities like Sir John Lawrence the 'prompt reason for the revolt' was the worries held by Sepoys over the new ammo for the Enfield rifles. Be that as it may, he considers this to be only the trigger occurrence, with the underlying driver being the drawn out decrease in discipline in the military and the poor ezdard of officials in order. The British ezdpoint is to respect

So The Application Is Open, Now What - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

So The Application Is Open, Now What - UGA Undergraduate Admissions So The Application Is Open, Now What The UGA Freshman application opened up on September 1, and in the first 4 days, roughly 7,000 students started an application. We generally have a small spike of students start the application right away, but only about 200 have actually submitted the app right now, so dont panic if you have not started. But now that the application is open, here are a few things to think about concerning your application to UGA. Should you apply EA or RD? I have no idea, as this is really up to you. The EA and RD reviews are the same, just on a different timeline. We have an initial academic review of each applicant, and then for a number of students, we go into more detail in our holistic review process, where we look at everything. We will be doing more holistic reviews during the October/November EA initial process, and we will also defer a number of applicants where we want to look closer at their file holistically but we need more time to read the files (mid-October to mid-November does not give us a huge amount of time for holistic reads). The big question you should ask yourself when choosing EA vs RD is as follows: Are you comfortable with us reviewing your file on October 15, or do you need more time to work on the app, later test scores or fall grades? If you are good with us reviewing you somewhere around 10/15, apply EA, but if you need more time or later items, apply RD. When should you apply? There is no need to be one of the first to apply, but I also warn students against waiting until the last moment to apply. We treat every applicant the same whether they apply on September 1 or January 1, so there is no need to rush your application just to get it in early. At the same time, dont wait until the last few days to submit the application, as this causes unneeded panic with your parents, your counselor and yourself. I generally find that the sweet spot for submitting the EA application is sometime between September 20 and October 5, so that you have enough time to work on the app, but you dont wait until the last week to hit submit. For RD applicants, it is a little longer sweet spot, so my suggestion is to just not wait until the last few days to hit submit. When should you send in materials/scores? For test scores, I suggest you go ahead and send in your SAT and/or ACT scores. UGA is a best score admission office, so we only look at the top scores in your file. As such, I always suggest sending in all your scores, as we will then determine which scores are strongest from our point of view. This also gets one required item out of the way early, as some students forget to send them in until the last moment and then have a panic attack. As for materials, this depends on which application you use, our internal one or the Coalition application. For the internal application, once you complete your counselors biographical information on the Academics page (the 5th page of the app), an email will go out to your counselor to submit an attached Counselor form and upload a transcript. A later page labeled Recommendation is similar, where once you add in your teacher or community recommenders info, an email also goes out to them with a link to a re commendation form. If you apply using the Coalition application, work with your counselor to make sure all your documents have been requested and then attached to the UGA application. How will you know when UGA has received items? Once you apply, make sure to check on things through your UGA Admissions status page. This page will let you know when you applied, what documents we have received (and when), what test scores are in your file, and much more. This is also where later on we will release decisions, allow for admitted students to submit a deposit, let you sign up for orientation in May, etc. As such, it is a key page to check to make sure everything is going smoothly with your application. Can you send in updated information after you apply? We are fine if your materials and test scores are sent in prior to you submitting your application, after you submit the application, or a mix of the two. If you apply and then have new scores to send, just have UGA listed as a score recipient and we will add the scores to your file. The big issue is to just be aware of deadlines for both applying and when we need materials and test scores to get into our office, as seen on our Deadlines page. When will you know a decision? I dont know yet. It is sort of like asking when you will get somewhere but you dont know how many miles away the destination is. I have no idea how many students will apply, either EA or RD, so it is tough to guess on an exact timeline. My rough estimate is that EA decisions will go out sometime in late November, and that final decisions for all deferred EA and RD applicants will be released in early March, but these are only rough estimates. When we get closer to these date estimates, I will post more details on both the blog and twitter about exact dates. Who should you ask if you have a question about UGA Admissions? My first suggestion is just to ask right here on the blog. I will respond in a timely fashion, I work in the office, and I am old enough (notice I said old, not wise) to have seen most everything, so I can tell you about the process. I cannot guess about a decision though, so just forget about that. But my best suggestion is to always ask someone in admissions at X college what the process is currently. Who not to ask? Neighbors, uncles you only see at holiday events, the parent of a student who was once admitted to UGA, etc. Change happens in admissions, and the best resource for what is accurate for you right now is someone in admissions.

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Wendell Berry - the Hurt Man - 763 Words

The Hurt Man Life is full of loss and you cannot avoid experiencing it and well as sorrow. As people grow up they come to realize that the world is not as it seemed to be when they were younger. They get more independent and their perspective of life changes. They will have to realize that they are not going to live forever. In the short story The Hurt Man, written by Wendell Berry and published in 2003, we meet Mat who learns all of this. During the short story Mat is growing up. He is born unexpected but he is still very much appreciated. His parents watch him closely so he does not get hurt but this change as he becomes older. At the age of five, the household gets busier and Mat is now more independent. â€Å"[...] he was curious†¦show more content†¦Cass’s husband has previously been a slave. In 1772 it became illegal to sell slaves in Britain but this does not of necessity mean that people did not have slaves. In addition to the appearing people the environment tells a lot about the time, too. To get hot water Nancy has to bring a kettle over a noon fire. It is also difficult for them to find a doctor. They cannot just telephone one. They have to go searching for one and they are not always findable. This gives you an idea about the theme of the short story is timeless. It was, as said before, published in 2003 which means that the writer wrote the short story many, many years later. But it is still current and relevant. Loss, sorrow, growing up, independence and changing perspectives are all universal. Mat sees the seriousness and hardness of life during the incident of the hurt man. Al-though the hurt man does not die Mat realizes that he could have. That he will someday. Besides, the graveyard of the town is more populous than the town itself. This illustrates that death is such a massive part of the town, the world, and life. This is not the only thing Mat realizes in the course of the hurt man’s presence and his mother’s actions. â€Å"After that, her losses would be his. The losses would come. They would come to him and his mother. They would come to him and Margaret, his wife [...]† (ll. 139-142) The mentioning of his wife shows that Mat is allShow MoreRelatedThe Hurt Man1001 Words   |  5 PagesThe Hurt Man Nothing in life is certain except one single thing: death and it is coming for us all. We cannot do anything to prevent it, though we can hold it off for a little while. In our life we will eventually get hurt by the ones we love, thus our lives on earth has and will always be filled with sorrow and disappointment, but the difference lay in how we deal with it. The main character, Mat Feltner discovers that death is inevitable in such a young age, when â€Å"The Hurt Man† enters hisRead MoreThe Hurt Man1003 Words   |  5 PagesThe Hurt Man -by Wendell Berry Sometimes in life you accomplish epiphanies. You suddenly realize something huge. It can either be something about love or something totally different. But one thing you absolutely know is that, it’s going to change the way you’re living your life. That’s the coincidence in the short story, The Hurt Man, where the young boy, Mat Feltner, realize something remarkable about life. The Hurt Man takes place in Port William which is a small town on the American FrontierRead More Consumerism and Materialism in America Essay1467 Words   |  6 Pagesmaterialistic, they can become overly arrogant and possessive since they are used to getting their way, on account of having money. Some people are never satisfied with what they have; they are always on the lookout for more money and more possessions. Man requires food, shelter, clothing and fuel everything else is superfluous. Luxuries lead to things like materialism and greed. People need to realize that everyone is the same on the inside. 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Social marketing, on the other hand, is generally not associated with any company and issued solely to help society by dealing with a social problem. Cause-related marketing has to be done correctly or it can hurt a company. A firm may look like it is exploiting a charity. It is important for the firm to be transparent and honest about what it is doing. There should also be a fit between the company and the cause. Social Marketing and Ethics Social MarketingRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesManagement, First Edition Hayen, SAP R/3 Enterprise Software: An Introduction, First Edition Hill, Manufacturing Strategy: Text Cases, Third Edition Hopp, Supply Chain Science, First Edition Hopp and Spearman, Factory Physics, Third Edition Jacobs, Berry, Whybark, and Vollmann Manufacturing Planning Control for Supply Chain Management, Sixth Edition Jacobs and Chase, Operations and Supply Management: The Core, Second Edition Jacobs and Chase Operations and Supply Management, Thirteenth Edition Jacobs

Theories Of Functionalism And Culture, Socialization And...

A few years back when I was still in China, I had a chance to acquire a position in the school’s future communist preparation group. I went to a friend of my father, the principal of the school, and obtained a reference letter. After I handed in the reference letter with my resume, the group leader had personally interviewed me and granted my application of the position immediately after I completed the evaluations. This case could be analyzed through functionalism, â€Å"a sociological school of thought that stresses how human behaviour is governed by social structures that are based mainly on shared values and that contribute to social stability† (Brym and Lie 2015:5). Through sociological imagination, â€Å"the quality of mind that enables one to see the connection between personal troubles and social structures† (Brym and Lie 2015:7). I am able to look at the case in a different perspective, in which I can analyze the case above by using concepts of functionalism including culture, socialization and social stratification. The case above is deeply associated with Chinese culture in which many people believe that gaining social capital and expanding social network are more important than gaining human capital. Many Westerners believe that getting the access to the resources through social capital is often considered unfair to the others who do not possess the equal social capital. A superior social capital gives people the privilege which affects others’ interests at the sameShow MoreRelatedDiscuss the Strengths and Weaknesses of Functionalist Explanations as Applied to the Study of Contemporary Society. 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C oming from the poorest district modeled after the coal mining era, where most people live in absolute poverty Peeta and Katniss are taken back by the surplus of luxury and wealth exhibited by theRead MoreConcepts And Ideas Of Sociology899 Words   |  4 PagesAgents of socialization are associated within our daily lives; Family, culture, schooling, religion, and media all has a meaning and plays a major role in society influencing who we are. No matter how wealthy or poor one might be. Everyone has influence over each other through the glass looking self, an individual have multiple perceptions of himself uniquely created form one person to the next. In certain situations individuals tend to put on acts to retain professionalism, through the theory of dramaturgyRead MoreThe Struggle Of Women s Equality1692 Words   |  7 Pagesearning their place in the society pushing the boundaries and reinforcing their rights to be treated equal. However strong social perceptions are still obst ructing their efforts limiting employment opportunities and exposing them to unacceptable behavior, which still demonstrate strong gender inequality at present times. Analysis Why these differences still exist? As it appears social upbringing in the first part of the 20th century has been enrooted in many layers of the modern society. In those times

Market analysis of J Sainsbury free essay sample

Sainsburys was founded in 1869 by John James Sainsbury in London and quickly become the UK’s largest grocery retailer. Today, Sainsbury has opened over 1,1061 supermarkets and convenience stores and still develop itself continually. However, with the increasing competition of retail industry, some competitors have gradually overtaken Sainsbury, and make it become the third largest supermarket in the UK, behind Tesco and Asda. Even though it has overtaken Asda again and in the second place, it still faces challenges because of stiff competition among retail industry market. Therefore, the accurate recognition of market is necessary and Sainsbury should take activities to optimize its marketing planning. This report provides a market analysis of Sainsbury, aims to show Sainsbury’s current market conditions and give some recommendations for its future development. Analysis of Sainsbury’s external environment Organization’s external environment is the sum of various factors, which have an impact on the survival and development of organization (Hooley, G. 2012). Various changes of external environment are likely to bring different effects on organization: one is opportunity for organization’s development and the other one is threat for organization’s survival. Generally, external environment can be divided into the macro-environment (general environment) and the micro-environment (industry environment). This section will analyze Sainsbury’s general environment in UK by using PEST model and its industry environment by using Five Force Analysis, respectively. Macro-environment analysis (PEST analysis) Macro-environment factors include four main parts: political/legal, economic, social-cultural and technological; these are so-called PEST Factors. Political factors Some people think that the relationship between business and politics is not much. Although political impact on business is not very frequent, once influential, it will play a decisive role. First, for a long time, Britain has a high level of national stability. Government maintains a good partnership with local self-governments and citizens. The domestic environment is stable and harmonious and it is the premise for Sainsbury to attract more investment and also a premise of its smooth operation. Second, the economic system in UK is the mixed economies. It is the combination of market forces and central planning, it ensures the pursuit of self –interest, which is the heart of free market economics, and state intervention is always act as a supplement and adjustment for market. Therefore, mixed economies have positive impact on firm’s long-term development. Moreover, tax policy is also significant for Sainsbury. According to the data from Britain’s government, for the companies, which their profits are above ? 300,000, the corporate tax rates are declined from 26% in 2011 to 23% in 2013. 2 This policy change is helpful for Sainsbury to attract more investment. Furthermore, British government has good subsidy policy and has a good relationship with other major power. These factors can be more or less helpful for the development of Sainsbury. Economic factors Economic situation of a country will affect the income levels of consumers, consumer preferences and their savings status; then affect the market size of enterprises. According to IMF, Britain’s GDP is 2291. 431 billions in 2011, 2336. 295 billions in 2012 and 2391. 042 billions in 2013. 3 This growth trend indicates that peoples living standard improves continually and it is good for Sainsbury to scale up; also, it will improve the people’s demands for the products. Moreover, the UK’s inflation rate fell to 2% in December 2013, down from 2. 1%. 4 According to ONS, this decline mainly due to the slow increase of food’s and non-alcoholic drinks’ prices. Therefore, there are indeed some links between inflation and Sainsbury. Furthermore, according to BBC news, UK interests rate are 0.5% at January 2014, unchanged since March 2009. 5 It is still lower interests rate and good for Sainsbury to reply its loans. In addition, the continued high unemployment (around 7. 4%6) would affect the income level of customers and then affect the market activities of Sainsbury. Social-cultural factors First, education level of people is an important factor that would have impact on Sainsbury. Education is an important factor that affect people’s work, purchasing power, values, etc. In the UK 75% of adults aged 25-64 have earned a high-school degree or equivalent, it is more than the OECD average of 74%. Britain also has the free early education and further education courses and funding. Therefore, an environment with higher level of overall education will impact Sainsbury in the aspects of selecting products and service. Second, consumer’s demand and buying behavior are deeply affected by their concept of values. For different values, marketers of Sainsbury should adept different strategies to Cater to customer’s psychology. Moreover, agricultural resources are also significant factors that affect Sainsbury’s market activities. As Sainsbury is a retail company, for scarce agricultural resources they need to consider the issue of imports. Technological factors The development of science and technology brings both opportunities and challenges to organizations. First, computer interaction technologies provided Sainsbury the self-scanning system, which is cost saving and customer-friendly; and help Sainsbury built its online store, which can increase sale channels and improve customers’ experience. Moreover, information technology helps Sainsbury to manage stocks and logistics. Furthermore, eco-Technology provides more opportunities to Sainsbury to conduct energy and environmental management. It has already conducted the reduction of carbon and energy, and it wants to continue technological innovation, focusing on recycling and water innovation. 8 Micro-environment analysis (Porter’s Five Force Analysis) Porter’s Five Force Analysis is a widely used model for analyzing organization’s industry environment. It helps marketers to identify the competitive situation of an industry and then develop effective marketing strategies for organizations. The five forces determine five kinds of competing sources: bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of new entrants, threat of substitute products and competitive rivalry; as chart 2 shows below: Chart Before using the Five Force Model to analyze competition, it is necessary to research the situation of the whole industry. According to Industry Life Cycle, the retail industry, which Sainsbury is belonged, is in maturity stage, and it is still keep developing. According to ONS, UK retail sales experienced strong growth; it jumped by 2. 6 percent during December 2013. Bargaining Power of Suppliers According to Sainsbury’s Annual Report 2013, fresh food is at the heart of what they do. Also, suppliers are product sources of retail enterprise. Therefore, suitable suppliers are important assurances for products’ quality of Sainsbury. Moreover, it seems that most suppliers’ products for retails companies are not unique, this may not good for improving the bargaining power of suppliers, but as the increasing number of retail companies, suppliers have many buyers, not just Sainsbury; from this point, suppliers also can maintain their high bargaining power. However, Sainsbury has built a close and long-standing relationship with its suppliers. It corporates with its suppliers, establishing â€Å"Development Group† for farmers and growers, investing groups and supporting farmers. 10 This relationship makes Sainsbury and its supplier interdependence, and also makes suppliers lose some bargaining power. Bargaining power of buyers Generally, buyers of retail industry are not concentrated and most buyers just buy a small number of products, it seems that buyers of retail industry have less bargaining power. However, because of the increasing number of retail companies, customers have more and more opportunities to choice. Moreover, the cost of switching from one seller’s product to another seller’s product is low, even zero. Therefore, the buyers bargaining power is also growing. Threat of new entrants Retail industry can realize the face-to-face contract with customers, and its profits are also high. Therefore, many strength companies intend to join the retail market. For example, some large clothes companies opened their own stores; moreover, many companies will expand their product line to become  hypermarkets. They are all potential competitors of Sainsbury. Threat of substitute products The main substitutes of supermarket are hypermarkets, specialty stores and online stores. Especially online stores, because of their significant cost advantage and convenience, the threats from online retail stores are big. Competitive rivalry Obviously, the competition of retail companies is very fierce. The number of retail companies increases continuously. In the domestic context, like Tesco, ASDA, Waitrose, MS, etc. are all strong competitors of Sainsbury. Opportunities and threats analysis Opportunities: 1. Expanding foreign markets, like China, India. 2. Enriching the mode of operation, not just large-scale supermarket; some other location and mode could be adopted, like Sainsbury Local. 3. Acquisition, merger or strategic alliances with other global retailers. Threats: 1. Competition from strong rivals. 2. Political problems when expanding foreign markets. 3. Prospects for local retail industry, cooperation or competition. Market segmentation, targeting and positioning Market segmentation of grocery retail market Market segmentation is dividing the mass market into some groups; customers in one certain group have common characteristics. Customers’ demands are dissimilar, and companies also have their own strengths in different areas, therefore, market segmentation can be smoothly realized and plays an important role in companies’ production and marketing. Each market segment is more specific, it is easier for marketers to grasp customers’ needs, and then develop appropriate marketing strategies. There are many methods used to conduct market segmentation. Generally, it can be conducted through four methods: demographic, geographic, psychographic, and benefits. Demographic The method of demographic includes several factors: age, family size, nationality, religion, occupation and income. Age and occupation will be analyzed in details here. Retail market can be divided through age. People in different age have different habits and customs; it would contribute to their different needs for grocery. For example, most young people live a fast-paced life, in order to saving time, they are more likely to choice some convenience food or semi-finished food; while most old people enjoy a slower pace of life, so that they tend to choice fresh vegetables, fruits, flowers and cook meal at home. Moreover, in some extent, people’s occupation decides their social class and income. People with high income tend to focus on the quality of product; they prefer to spend more money to buy a better product. While people with low income tend to pay more attention on the cost-performance of products. They are willing to spend more time to select the best suitable products. Therefore, these two markets have been divided. Geographic This method includes several factors: country, region, city, climate, etc. The population density in various regions is different. Generally, city’s population density is higher than that of countryside; therefore, they also have different demands for grocery. Moreover, climate also can be a factor that used in market segmentation. For instance, Malaysia do not has winter, so that apparel products for Malaysian market are different from others. Marketers tend to increase the number of light clothes and decrease the number of thick clothes. Psychographic This method mainly includes personality, lifestyle, values and attitudes. In terms of personality, some people are adventurous and some are traditional. Groceries for the â€Å"adventurers† are usually full of new ideas and constantly changing, while groceries for â€Å"conservatives† have less change but have higher and stable quality. Moreover, lifestyle also will affect people’s choice of groceries. People in a fast-paced life tend to choose convenience food, while people in a slow paced life tend to choose fresh food ingredients. These two groups are different market segments. Benefits Benefits factor means different people have various purposes when buying a certain type of products. So, each certain benefit can form a market segment. For example, when people choose soft drinks, some people are pursuing a good taste; some people who are overweight mainly pay attention to the calorie content; some people want to use these soft drinks to entertain guests, so that they are focus on the exterior designs; some people just want to quench, they tend to focus on the cost performance of soft drinks. Therefore, in retail market, there are specialized products for different â€Å"beneficiaries†; they have formed different market segmentation. Sainsbury’s market targeting Hooley, G.  says: â€Å" One of the key decisions a company faces is its choice of market or markets to serve†. Market targeting is the process that organizations select preferable market segments from a range of market segments, in order to prepare suitable products and services to meets the market segments’ needs. Here is a model that suited to deciding which market should be targeted in the first place. 11As chart 3 shows below: Chart From this model, in order to decide the target markets, organizations should understand their strengths and the attractive markets. These two factors are just the criterion for selecting target market. As a grocery retail company, Sainsbury is for the general public. Generally, its target market is undifferentiated market. It just the so said â€Å"full market coverage†. But it also has the special market segment. Sainsbury are targeting middle and high-class people and people who have health conscious. â€Å"Fresh food is at the heart of what they do†. 12 Sainsbury is committing to food quality for a long time. It invested in farmer development and built agricultural base in order to ensure the high-quality food supply. Therefore the prices of these foods are relatively higher compared with other competitors, like ASDA, Audi. According to the retail industry’s market segmentation, Sainsbury’s strength of high-quality food will attract relatively middle and high-class people, who are pay more attention on healthful life style and less attention to money. In fact, this market is an attractive market. The market size is not small, and the most important factor is that this market has high growth rate. With the improvement of peoples living standards, more and more people attach importance to food health and safety. Various green food and organic food are emerging, the attention concerning on food quality will become increasingly common. Therefore, these markets are good choices for Sainsbury to become target markets. However, its worth noting that attractive market segments have more competitors. For example, for high-class people market, there is high-end Waitrose; for health food market, MS also powerful; for fast-paced life market, almost every retail company is trying to open express store and online store. Therefore, Sainsbury should develop more unique and new markets, or try to be the best in its existing markets. Sainsbury’s market positioning As there are still intense competitions in target market segments, it is necessary for Sainsbury to create a competitive advantage in that chosen market. It is so called â€Å"market positioning†. The created advantage should be unique, hard for competitors to imitate and provide value for customers (Hooley, G. 2012). The natural of market positioning is to make obvious difference between the company and its competitors. That is to say, marketers can use the â€Å"uniqueness driver† to let customers feel the unique characteristics of this company, then leave a deep impression to the potential consumers. Generally, uniqueness driver can be summarized in five points: Sainsbury’s competitive advantages mainly focus on product differentiation, price differentiation and brand differentiation. Product differentiation According to market research, Tesco is focus on the abundant and diversity of products; ALDI’s and ASDA’s advantage is their lower prices. In terms of Sainsbury, its products’ characteristics mainly focus on their high quality. According to its Annual Report 2013, managers said that the quality and value of their food, their strong ethical standards and supplier relationships, differentiate Sainsbury from other supermarket. Sainsbury has regarded its high quality food as its strength. In fact, not only food, the other groceries of Sainsbury also have high quality, especially its own-brand products, which is always a driver of its growth and customers’ loyalty. Even though its do not have price advantage, this product advantage is enough to attract target people and let them feel Sainsbury’s whole strength. Price differentiation In fact, price is not an obvious competitive advantage for Sainsbury. Even so, it still has price differentiation. The average price of Sainsbury’s products is higher than Tesco, Aldi, or Morrison, and its discount frequency and intensity are also less than others. But its products’ price does not higher than Waitrose. Sainsbury stresses on price ratio, managers try to build a supermarket where customer use money as little as possible to buy groceries as well as possible. It just their slogan: â€Å"Live well for less†. Brand differentiation For a long time, Sainsbury is focusing on building a socially responsible brand image. Sainsbury’s employees have their corporate values: respect for environment, making a positive difference to community and a great place to work. 13 They did especially good in the aspect of protecting environment in 2013. They put waste into positive use, removing package from own-brand products, investing renewable energy, etc. Sainsbury’s environmental awareness, combining with its high quality products and strong ethic standard, is conductive to build a corporate which is full of social responsibility and deserve to trust. Therefore, its target customers would recognize it, trust it, and be loyal to it. In summary, Sainsbury has a successful market positioning. In people’s mind, Sainsbury is a trustworthy and customer-friendly grocery retail company with high quality products, reasonable price and enough social responsibilities. However, there is some potential problem in its products positioning. Its products are good enough, but the advantage is not unique. Waitrose and MS already entered the high ground, and other supermarket can develop their product and also have high quality products. This advantage is not hard to imitate. That is to say, this advantage is not stable and it is easy to lose. A positive example is Tesco. From my research, Tesco is the only large supermarket chains, which has Chinese food area. It is unique. This just matches Tesco’s product positioning, which is abundant and diversity. Even if other supermarket imitates this advantage, Tesco also maintain its â€Å"first to market† strength. Therefore, excellent goods are not enough, Sainsbury need some superior and special product in the future market competitions. Patent is the best, such as nutritive vegetables only growing in its own farmland. On the contrary, Sainsbury’s brand positioning is unique and hard to imitate. It is helpful to improve the competitiveness of Sainsbury. Marketing mix of Sainsbury In order to realize the marketing functions, company needs to have a marketing program or strategy. This is known as marketing mix (Borden, N. 1964). Marketing mix includes the following major elements: product, price, place, and promotion. These elements form the â€Å"4Ps† strategy. As chart 5 shows below: Chart Product In order to supports its product positioning, Sainsbury has continually insisted on the quality of food. Moreover, its expands product line into general merchandise and clothing, â€Å"offering customers high street quality and style at supermarket prices†,14 it also develops new business: pharmacy. As some people comment before, ASDA’s total sales had been boosted by non-food sales, Sainsbury is still particularly strong in the fresh food sector. 15 Now, Sainsbury intend to fully implements its market positioning through providing customers more and better products, better meet the needs of customers. Furthermore, it also develops bank service, entering energy industry and digital entertainment market; these activities can improve customers’ experience and develop high quality services. However, the sector of high quality food, which is the core offer of Sainsbury, cannot be neglected when develop numerous products at the same time. As long as Sainsbury does the best and is unique in this area, its competitiveness can be improved. Moreover, Sainsbury should notice the food packing in the future. In some extent, packaging can show the high quality of products. Although Sainsbury committed to environmental protection, simplifying package. But simple does not mean crude. On the contrary, Sainsbury can promote environmental awareness through packaging. Price Sainsbury does not have obvious low price advantage compared with some competitors. But it focus on price ratio. In 2013, Sainsbury’s managers have achieved over 100 million pounds of operational cost savings. They try to reduce products’ prices appropriately through reducing cost, and improving price ratio. This is an effective activity to become more attractive and to increase some price advantages. However, the reduction of price is not unlimited. Ultimately, it is still related to market positioning. High quality product cannot have low price. In some extent, raising the price for some special products appropriately can highlight Sainsbury’s market positioning and improve competitiveness. Place (Distribution) In this aspect, Sainsbury has complete channels and services, including supermarket, convenience store and online store. In 2013, it opened 14 new supermarkets and 87 convenience stores and find that 22% of UK population does not live within a 15 minutes drive of a Sainsbury. Indeed, it ensures the shopping convenience and put the customers in the first place. But many competitors also have this series of distribution methods, like Tesco and Morrison. Therefore, the uniqueness is the key. With the development of  technology, in the future, Sainsbury can develop a special method for quick paying online as a patent, which can optimize its market positioning. Promotion Advertisement is an important method for Sainsbury and other retail companies to promote their product. Beside this, from Sainsbury’s official channel in YouTube, we can see many videos that teach people how to cooking, including quick and easy recipes, beef recipes, pudding recipes, etc. Through this activity, Sainsbury can introduce their superior food; at the same time, more potential customers would be attracted. Sainsbury had cooperated with James Oliver, who is a famous chef for 11years. This cooperation is good for Sainsbury to introduce and promote their high quality food, highlight its market positioning. From 2011, Sainsbury started to cooperate with David Beckham, mainly focus on the activity of Active Kids. 16 Preventing the growth of obesity children. Obviously, this strategy is conductive to publicity brand image and can let people have more feeling about Sainsbury’s brand positioning. Conclusion In summary, because of increasingly fierce market competition and the rapid growth of competitors, Sainsbury faces new challenges. It needs develop itself continually and does some change when necessary to compete with others. It also has opportunists. First, as the second largest supermarket in the UK, Sainsbury has a lot of loyal customers. Therefore, it should still insist on it strength area: high quality food, fresh fruits and vegetables, ensure that there are no losses of existing markets. Moreover, retail market is for the public, there are still lots of untapped markets. Generating new ideas, exploring new markets, leaving core competitive market in certain degree, are also good strategy for Sainsbury to increase competitiveness.